Hawai`i Coral Reef Bibliography

Officially entitled "Inventory Catalogue of Hawai`i's Coral Reefs" the Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative Computer Interactive Bibliography (HCRIB) is a project of the Hawai`i Wildlife Fund (Principal Investigators, Carl J. Berg and Hannah J. Barnard) in collaboration with AECOS, Inc. (Eric B. Guinther, Joann Fisher, and Hilary Maybaum). This project has been supported by a grant from NOAA / U. S. Coral Reef Initiative program, administered by the National Fish & Wildlife Foundation.

The HCRIB is an EndNote Plus bibliographic reference data base which provides reference listings of surveys, studies, technical reports, atlases, and the like on subjects ranging from physical oceanography, biology, taxonomy, water quality, ecology, and reef resources for the main Hawaiian Islands. In gathering references for inclusion, the editors have placed particular emphasis on technical reports (essentially unpublished reports) by corporations, consultants, students, organizations, and government agencies for the reason that these types of studies and surveys are most difficult to track through standard bibliographic data bases. Also, far greater numbers of field surveys and site specific observations are available from this "gray" literature than anywhere else. References listed in this database are limited to marine environments found around the main Hawaiian Islands¹ from the shore out to a depth of about 60 feet. A similar data base for Hawai`i fresh and brackish waters is under development (see HAWAQUA).

The data base is divided into two files: CoralReef1 1900-1979.enl and CoralReef2 1980-1999.enl. These two files encompass different time periods of the contained references: CoralReef1 includes only references dated 1979 or earlier; CoralReef2 includes all references dated 1980 through 2001.

The posted version of the data base dated February 1, 2002 contains the following total numbers of bibliographic entries:

CoralReef1 — 597 references
CoralReef2 — 933 references

Persons interested in using or obtaining a copy of the Hawai`i Coral Reef Initiative Computer Interactive Bibliography will have several options, as described here:

• Hardcopy print-outs are being distributed to various State and Community College libraries. Bound copies may be obtained directly from AECOS, Inc. by request (a fee will be charged).
• For reasons that I can find no explanation for, .ZIP files can no longer be ftp'd to my web sites (my ftp program refuses to handle such files). Therefore, the EndNote files are now posted without compression as CoralReef1.enl (1900-1979) and CoralReef2.enl (1980-2000) as described above:
  • CoralReef1.enl (285 KB)
  • CoralReef2.enl (498 KB)
• A compressed word processor file, named HCRIB.ZIP, will be sent as an email attachment to anyone requesting from guinther@hawaii.rr.com. This file will uncompress into a Microsoft Word (ver. 7) file of the hardcopy version described above.
• [others in prep]

An EndNote data base contains a number of fields which will differ between reference types (book, journal article, technical report, conference proceedings, etc.). Discussed here are selected details of most of these fields, to indicate the kinds of information encoded. Not all of the data fields are used in every reference type; the "technical report" type, most often used in this bibliography, has the greatest variety of data fields assigned to it.

Author – The data base is normally alphabetized by primary author, then year (listing basis and order can be manipulated within EndNote). Author may be one or more names, or may be a company, agency, or other entity as presented on the title page of the referenced document.

Year and Date – Year is that which is indicated on the title page or copyright statement. Date (sometimes blank) provides month and day information if given on document title page.

Title – Document title as given on title page. Journal articles, book sections, and technical reports capitalize only first word and proper nouns.

Document Title (EIS) field is used to provide the name of a master document (such as an EIS) which contains the subject reference as an appendix, chapter, or support document. (Technical Reports only).

Company/Institution – This field provides the company, agency, or other entity which prepared the subject reference. This may be the same as author in some cases, providing the additional information of entity location (e.g., "University of Hawaii, Sea Grant Program, Manoa"). (Technical Reports only).

Client – Provides name of company, agency, or entity for which the referenced document was prepared. (Technical Reports only).

Library – The "Library" field includes a coding for where the reference document might be found. Following is a list of the codes used. Not all of these libraries have been searched for all of the database references. It is expected that the larger libraries (e.g., UH) will have many of the documents, although this fact may not be indicated in the database.

AECOS – AECOS Inc. (Private corporation; 970 N. Kalaheo, suite C311, Kailua).
BPBM -Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu.
DBED – Dept. of Business and Economic Development (State of Hawaii; 250 S. Hotel St., Honolulu).
DLNR-DAR - MHI-MRI Coordinator, Division of Aquatic Resources, State Department of Land and Natural Resources.
LRB – Legislative Reference Bureau (State of Hawaii; Capitol basement).
MRRC -- Municipal Reference and Records Center (City & County of Honolulu, 558 King Street, Honolulu).
SCLL – Supreme Court Law Library (State of Hawaii).
UH – University of Hawaii (State of Hawaii; UH Manoa Campus).
UH-SEAGRANT - Sea Grant Program, University of Hawaii, Manoa Campus.
UHEC – University of Hawaii, Environmental Center.

EndNote bibliographies can be searched in a variety of ways. A general search can be made for any word contained in the data base; or a search can be limited to words (or dates) within specific fields, or some combination of general and specific searches. "And," "Or," "Not," and comparative operators are supported in searches. Search refinement is endless because each search yields a subset list of entries fitting the previous query that can itself be searched. Further, the subset can be trimmed or expanded by further search operations.

The Custom 1 field in HCRB is designated for geographic searches, and should be used for this purpose. Doing an "Any field" search for "Honolulu" for example, will list anything published in Honolulu (or for a client with an office in Honolulu) as well as surveys conducted off Honolulu. References which are not specific to any particular location or may pertain to the Hawaiian Islands generally have this field blank, since it is a basic assumption of the data base that included references have something to do with the reefs in the Hawaiian Islands. (A search for blank Custom 1 field can be made by inserting an equal sign as the only search parameter). The term "Leeward" will sort out references dealing with the Northwest Hawaiian Islands and Atolls*.

Each bibliographic entry is given geographical data in the Custom 1 field which includes place name(s) and island (Hawaii is the Big Island, not the entire State), always without `akinas (glottal stop) or macrons. The island name is preceded by a compass direction (e.g., SW Oahu) to allow for more general searches by quadrant (only SW, NW, NE, SE are used). Thus, all bibliographic entries for reef areas off the Waianae coast could be found by doing a Custom 1 field search for "SW Oahu." Site locations which occur at or very close to the boundaries between quadrants are coded to both quadrants (Barbers Point might be SW Oahu and SE Oahu). The delimiters for quadrant designation in the Geographical field are as follows (note that these are not always the northern-, eastern-, southern-, and western-most points of an island):

End Note includes a Keyword field. In the Hawai`i Coral Reef Bibliography, use of this field is restricted to the terms listed below, which must be entered as shown. Offset words were meant to be combined (for example: "algae taxonomy"), but all words may also be used alone. Searches limited to the keyword field will yield all references dealing with or including material on specific subjects. However, since the references have come from a wide variety of sources, this field is not necessarily complete for many of the references in the data base. Words in parentheses in the list below are explanatory and not part of the keyword list.

ACOE (for Army Corps of Engineers)
algae
        biology
        survey
        taxonomy
annelids
        biology
        survey
        taxonomy
arthropods
        biology
        survey
        taxonomy
biology (reference deals with physiology or ecology of organism)
conservation
coral (also see hcoral)
        biology
        survey
        taxonomy
currents (reference deals with waves, currents, etc.)
disturbances (for reef perturbations not necessarily man-induced)
DLNR (for Department of Land and Natural Resources; includes DAR)
DOH (for reports by Department of Health and permits submitted to)
dredging
dynamics (for reef processes)
EPA (for Environmental Protection Agency)
fishes
        biology
        survey
        taxonomy
hcoral (used to specify hermatypic corals)
HIMB (for Hawaii Insitute of Marine Biology reports)
invertebrates survey
methods (including regulations)
microbiology
mollusks
        biology
        survey
        taxonomy
MOP (for SeaGrant, Marine Options Program)
offshore (reference deals with environments seaward of reef)
pollution
        metals
        waste (for solid waste disposal, fill, dredging)
        WWTP (for sewage discharges)
        thermal
recreation (fishing, diving, boating, etc.)
resources (for fisheries, sand mining, coral collecting, management)
sediments
        sand (includes beach studies)
shoreline (deals more with shoreline or intertidal; e.g., "sediments sand shoreline" for beach studies)
sponges
        biology
        survey
        taxonomy
survey (for site-specific biological surveys)
taxonomy (for papers on systematics)
water quality
WRRC (for Water Resources Research Center reports)